به گزارش ساوت چاینا مورنینگ پست، دانشمندان چینی گفته‌اند برای اولین بار به توانمندی نظارت و تجزیه و تحلیل بی‌وقفه و بلادرنگ پهنای باند وسیع طیف الکترومغناطیسی دست یافته‌اند که در هنگام نبرد، هر دشمنی را کاملاً در معرض آشکار شدن قرار می‌دهد.
به گفته پژوهشگران، ارتش چین قادر خواهد بود از این فناوری در عین حصول اطمینان از جریان روان ارتباطات خود، برای شناسایی و قفل کردن سیگنال‌های دشمن با سرعتی بی‌سابقه، رمزگشایی پارامترهای فیزیکی و سرکوب موثر این سیگنال‌ها استفاده کند.
جزئیات این فناوری تحول‌آفرین توسط دانشمند ارشد پروژه، دکتر یانگ کای، استاد دانشکده اطلاعات و الکترونیک در انستیتو فناوری پکن، و تیمش در مقاله‌ای در مجله علمی چینی فناوری ارتباطات رادیویی در۱۷ ژانویه منتشر شد.
یانگ در این مقاله نوشته است که نسل جدید تجهیزات نظارت بر طیف الکترومغناطیسی،کوچک است، عملکرد بالایی دارد و کم‌مصرف است.
با توجه به حجم عظیمی از داده‌ها که در گرماگرم نبرد باید پردازش شوند، دستیابی به این فناوری قبلاً محال به نظر می‌رسید. دانشمندان بر این باورند که این اتفاق، باعث “تغییر چشمگیری در هنر جنگ” خواهد شد.
چین و ایالات متحده در حال حاضر درگیر رقابتی شدید بر سر تسلط بر طیف الکترومغناطیسی هستند. در ماه‌های اخیر، رادارهای هواشناسی غیرنظامی در دریای جنوبی چین اختلالات مرموزی را گزارش کرده‌اند که باعث شده است برخی از کارشناسان نظامی مشکوک شوند یک “رقص” پنهانی میان نیروهای دریایی چین و آمریکا در حال وقوع است و با اینکه هنوز گلوله‌ای شلیک نشده و بمبارانی صورت نگرفته، آتش در میدان نبرد الکترونیکی شعله ور است.
چین زمانی در وضعیت نامساعدی قرار داشت، اما اکنون به نظر می‌رسد گزارش‌هایی که ازقاطعیت بیشتر ارتش این کشور حکایت می‌کنند، رو به افزایش است. رسانه‌های دولتی چین ماه گذشته گزارش داده‌اند که ناوشکن پیشرفته تایپ ۰۵۵ به تنهایی توانسته است جلوی پیشروی یک گروه حمله ناوگان هواپیمابر آمریکایی را بگیرد ، امری که در گذشته در تصور هم نمی‌گنجید.
هرچند ممکن است این تبلیغات مبالغه‌آمیز بوده باشد، اما اخیرا افسران و سربازان چینی که با آنها مصاحبه شده، جزئیات مهمی را فاش کرده‌اند: آنها تجهیزات تابش الکترومغناطیسی از جمله رادارهای آرایه فازی پرقدرت را فعال کرده و محکم بر روی یک سری اهداف از جمله هواپیماهای مستقر بر کشتی‌های ناوگان آمریکا دررقابت حمله و دفاع جنگ الکترونیک قفل کرده بودند.
اطلاعات دقیقی از جزئیات توان جنگ الکترونیکی ارتش آزادی‌بخش خلق چین (PLA) در دست نیست. اما تحقیقات تیم یانگ که عمیقاً در شکل دادن به این زرادخانه مخفی نقش دارد، نگاهی اجمالی به گام‌های چین در این زمینه به دست می‌دهد.
به گفته یانگ، به دلیل محدودیت‌های سخت‌افزاری، پهنای باند تحلیل بلادرنگ سیستم‌های سنتی نظارت بر طیف به طور کلی به محدوده ۴۰ تا ۱۶۰ مگاهرتز محدود شده است.
سیگنال‌های خارج از این محدوده، به‌ویژه سیگنال‌های با فرکانس بالا، معمولاً از طریق اسکن‌های نمونه‌برداری نظارت می‌شوند. با این روش، احتمال زیادی وجود دارد که موارد مهمی از دست برود.
اما تیم یانگ ادعا می‌کند که تجهیزات جدید چینی محدوده فرکانسی نظارت بی‌درنگ و تشخیص بی‌وقفه را به دامنه گیگاهرتز گسترش داده است که محدوده فرکانسی مورد استفاده علاقه‌مندان رادیوی آماتور و حتی ماهواره‌های استارلینک ایلان ماسک را پوشش می‌دهد.
این بدان معناست که حتی اگر ارتش ایالات متحده به طور ناگهانی به فرکانس‌های غیرنظامی سوئیچ کند و سیگنالی را در یک دوره زمانی کوتاه ارسال کند، باز هم ارتش چین خواهد توانست آنها را ضبط و تحلیل کند. در نتیجه، ممکن است ارتباطات بی‌سیم بین واحدهای نظامی ایالات متحده به دلیل تسلط چینی‌ها تحت تأثیر قرار گیرد یا قطع شود.
دانشمندان چینی گفته‌اند برای دستیابی به این قابلیت گسترده‌تر، یک سری تراشه‌های پردازش سیگنال جدید را توسعه داده‌اند.
در میدان نبرد، علاوه بر تعداد زیادی از واحدهای نظامی مانند ماهواره‌ها، هواپیماها، پهپادها، ایستگاه‌های رادار، تانک‌ها و پیاده نظام، تجهیزات و تاسیسات غیرنظامی و دستگاه‌های الکتریکی نیز وجود دارند که سیگنال‌های الکترومغناطیسی ساطع می‌کنند.
هنگامی که تمام این سیگنال‌ها توسط آنتن‌های با کارایی بالا دریافت شوند، جریان داده عظیمی تولید می‌کنند. تراشه‌های پردازش دیجیتال سابق، قادر به مدیریت چنین حجم کاری بزرگی نبودند. اما بنا به اظهارات یانگ، تراشه‌های جدید می‌توانند به طور موثر سیل داده‌ها را قبل از پردازش محاسباتی به جریان‌های کوچک‌تر تقسیم کنند. این امر بار پردازشی را کاهش می دهد و امکان نظارت هم‌زمان بر تعداد زیادی از منابع سیگنال در یک محدوده فرکانس گسترده را فراهم می‌کند.
دانشمندان همچنین ساختار فیلتر سیگنال الکترومغناطیسی را که با تراشه کار می‌کند، بازبینی کرده و با به کاربردن روش‌های ریاضیاتی جدید، کارایی پردازنده را بدون از دست دادن هیچ سیگنالی بهبود بخشیده‌اند.
دستگاه نظارتی برای به دست آوردن اطلاعات با ارزش، مانند پارامترهای فیزیکی سیگنال‌ها، روش‌های مدولاسیون و شناسایی منابع دوستانه یا غیرنظامی، به تجزیه و تحلیل خودکار سیگنال‌های پردازش شده نیاز دارد. روش‌های سنتی قادر به ارائه فوری تجزیه و تحلیلی قابل اعتماد نبودند.
تیم یانگ برای مقابله با این چالش، هوش مصنوعی را وارد حیاتی‌ترین فرآیند تحلیل داده‌ها کرده و حداقل دو فناوری مختلف هوش مصنوعی برای همکاری نزدیک با هم برای حل چالش‌های مختلف استفاده می‌شوند.
ادغام تراشه‌های داخلی و هوش مصنوعی ارتش چین را قادر می‌سازد تا به قابلیت‌های بی‌سابقه‌ای در ادراک اطلاعات با هزینه‌های کمتر دست یابد. حتی در مواجهه با پارازیت‌های دشمن، آنها همچنان می‌توانند نقاط ضعف دشمن را از نویزهای قوی پس زمینه پیدا کنند و به طور موثر با آنها مقابله کنند.
یانگ نه تنها به تحقیق و توسعه تجهیزات جنگ الکترونیکی میپردازد، بلکه در فناوریهای غیرنظامی مانند ارتباطات تلفن همراه و ارتباطات ماهواره‌ای نیز دستی بر آتشدارد. او پیش از این جایزه برتر انجمن ارتباطات چین را دریافت کرده است.
وی در سطح بین‌المللی نیز بسیار فعال است و در آزمایشگاه‌های بل کار کرده و در توسعه چندین استاندارد بین‌المللی مخابراتی مشارکت داشته است. او در حال حاضر به عنوان دبیرکل کمیته فنی ارتباطات سبز و محاسبات IEEE، بزرگ‌ترین سازمان مهندسین الکترونیک جهان، مشغول به خدمت است.
برخی از دانشمندان توسعه سریع فناوری الکترومغناطیسی نظامی چین را به صنعت ارتباطات پیشرفته جهانی این کشورنسبت می‌دهند.
شرکت‌های مخابراتی پیشرو چینی، مانند هواوی، در فناوریهای ارتباطی بی‌سیم پیشرفته سرمایه‌گذاری هنگفتی انجام داده‌اند و موفقیت‌های قابل‌توجهی نیز به دست آورده‌اند.
در مقابل، ایالات متحده در حال حاضر عمدتاً به شرکت‌های اروپایی مانند اریکسون و نوکیا برای تجهیزات و فناوری مورد نیاز در ساخت شبکه‌های ۵G خود که از نظر بزرگی تنها با قسمت کوچکی از شبکه‌های چین برابری می‌کنند، متکی است.
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