دانشمندان چینی فناوری جدیدی معرفی کردند که میتواند از ماهواره در مقابل حملات سلاحهای ماکروویو با توان بالا محافظت کند. آزمایشهای زمینی این فناوری انجام شده و برخی از جنبههای آن پیش از این نیز توسط تجهیزات فضایی مهم مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است.
سلاحهای مایکرویو با توان بالا میتواند تجهیزات الکترونیک را از کار بیندازد و با استفاده از یک آنتن، پرتو انرژی شدیدی را به هدف در حال چرخش نظیر ماهواره پرتاب میکند و با ایجاد موج الکتریکی قوی میتواند ماهواره را از کار بیندازد.
پالسهای الکترومغناطیس که وارد ماهواره میشود در بخشهای کوچک و ضعیف با چگالی انرژی بالا متمرکز میشود و حجم زیادی از گرما در مدتزمان کوتاه ایجاد میکند که میتواند قطعات IC و تجهیزات الکترونیک ماهواره را بسوزاند.
برای مقابله با این مسئله، گروهی از محققین چینی دستگاهی طراحی کردهاند که میتواند از مدار ماهواره در مقابل حمله ماکروویو محافظت کند و ادامه عملکرد ماهواره را میسر سازد.
سلاحهای ماکرویو با توان بالا برای هدایت موشک و یا قطع کنترل هلیکوپتر نیز استفاده میشود.
این دستگاه طراحی شده تا افزایش غیرمعمول جریان الکتریکی را شناسایی و انرژیهای مضر را پیش از تخریب قطعات حیاتی ماهواره جذب کند؛ اما افزودن یک دستگاه اضافی بر مدار ماهواره بر عملکرد آن تأثیرگذار خواهد بود و خود دستگاه ممکن است زیر تابش شدید بسوزد.
محققین پیشبینی کردهاند که این فناوری در اکثر ماهوارههایی که در آینده در چین پرتاب میشود، مورد استفاده قرار خواهد گرفت. این دستگاه همچنین میتواند به حفظ ارتباط ماهواره در هنگامه جنگ الکترومغناطیسی کمک کند.
فناوری جدید به ماهواره اجازه میدهد تا در محدوده فرکانسی بسیار وسیع و با سرعت غیرقابل ردیابی ارتباط برقرار و سیگنالهای نادرست را شناسایی کند.
اما شرایط امنیتی و دفاعی فضا پیچیده است و محققین بر این باور هستند که فناوری آنها نمیتواند برای همیشه مؤثر باشد، چراکه کشورها نیز به دنبال پیشرفت سلاحهای ماکروویو هستند. برای مثال ایالاتمتحده به دنبال بهکارگیری این سلاحهای مافوق قوی در فضا تا سال ۲۰۲۵ است و گفته میشود این سلاحها میتواند چندین گیگابایت پالس ماکروویو تولید کنند. در روسیه نیز پیش از این از این قبیل سلاحها استفاده شده است.
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