امروزه قدرت ژئوپلتیک به شکل فزایندهای به قدرت فناوری گره خورده است. در ادامه، رقابت چین و آمریکا در برخی حوزههای فناوری بررسی شده است.
شبکه 5G
«ویلیام بار» دادستان کل آمریکا ماه فوریه تلویحاً به شکست آمریکا در حوزه 5G اذعان کرد. وی گفت واشینگتن و متحدانش باید از رقبای هوآوی یعنی نوکیا و اریکسون سرمایهگذاری کنند.
هر دوی این کمپانیها در اروپا هستند و این یعنی آمریکا هیچ بازیگر قدرتمندی برای رقابت با هوآوی، بزرگترین تولیدکننده تجهیزات مخابراتی دنیا، ندارد.
اگرچه کمپانیهای آمریکایی «لوسنت» و «موتورولا» زمانی در این رقابت حرفی برای گفتن داشتند، اما هر دو مقابل فناوری پیشرفته و قیمتهای پایین هوآوی به زانو درآمدند.
حتی آن دسته از کمپانیهای آمریکایی هم که هنوز دستی بر آتش 5G دارند به قطعات سختافزاریای وابسته هستند که بخش عمدهای از آنها را خود هوآوی تولید میکند.
بنابراین برتری در 5G با چین است.
هوش مصنوعی
چین سه سال پیش اعلام کرد قصد دارد تا سال 2030 به جایگاه نخست دنیا در حوزه هوش مصنوعی برسد، و پیشبینی کرد ارزش بازار این فناوری تنها در داخل چین تا این سال به 150 میلیارد دلار برسد.
غولهای چینی مانند علیبابا و بَیدو میلیاردها دلار صرف تحقیق و توسعه هوش مصنوعی چه در خود چین و چه حتی در آمریکا کردهاند.
به علاوه، جمعیت میلیاردی چین و قوانین سادهتر حریم خصوصی در این کشور نیز اقیانوسی از دادههای مختلف را در اختیار کمپانیها قرار داده و آموزش دادن به هوش مصنوعی را سادهتر کرده است.
اگرچه چین در برخی حوزههای مهم هوش مصنوعی مانند تشخیص چهره از آمریکا پیش است، اما در همه حوزهها اینگونه نیست.
غولهای آمریکایی مانند مایکروسافت و گوگل در هوش عمومی مصنوعی، یعنی آموزش تفکر انسانمانند به ماشین، پیش هستند.
برتری در هوش مصنوعی متعلق به آمریکاست، اما فاصله میان دو کشور ناچیز است.
رایانش کوانتومی
رایانههای کوانتومی میتوانند اطلاعات را با سرعتی بسیار بیشتر از حتی ابَررایانهها پردازش کنند، و در این در حالی است که هنوز تنها از اندکی از ظرفیت بالقوه فناوری رایانش کوانتومی استفاده میکنند و با رسیدن به ظرفیت حداکثری این فناوری یک دهه یا بیشتر فاصله دارند.
آمریکا در تولید رایانههای کوانتومی، با فاصله، پیشتاز است؛ گوگل سال گذشته مدعی شد ساخت رایانهای کوانتومی با قدرت 54 کیوبیت و دستیابی به «برتری کوانتومی» (حل معادلات غیرممکن یا تقریباً غیرممکن) شد، هرچند IBM، دیگر کمپانی آمریکایی، این ادعا را به چالش کشید.
کمپانیهای چینی مانند علیبابا و بَیدو نیز رایانههای کوانتومی ساختهاند، اما این رایانهها سالها از همتایان آمریکایی خود عقبترند.
با این حال، چین در کاربرد رایانههای کوانتومی برای برقراری ارتباط سریعتر، پیشتاز است.
بنابراین آمریکا در رایانش کوانتومی و چین در ارتباطات کوانتومی پیشتازند.
نیمهرساناها
چین طی دهههای گذشته دهها میلیارد دلار برای ورود به بازار تولید نیمهرساناهایی خرج کرده که برای ساخت رایانهها و گوشیهای همراه سریعتر و تسلیحات پیشرفتهتر حیاتی هستند.
این کشور طی سالهای گذشته حدود 47/5 درصد از نیمهرساناهای موردنیاز خود را از آمریکا وارد کرده و تولیدکنندگان چینی حتی در بازار داخلی هم موفق نبودهاند.
اگرچه همسایههای چین مانند کرهجنوبی و تایوان جایگاههای نخست دنیا را در تولید نیمهرسانا دارند، اما پکن هنوز نتوانسته پا جای پای آنها بگذارد.
البته چین طی سالهای اخیر در تولید نیمهرسانا پیشرفت کرده و مثلاً فبلتهای جدید هوآوی بدون استفاده از قطعات آمریکایی ساخته میشوند.
اگرچه گفته میشود پکن در این حوزه 5 تا 7 سال از رقبایش عقبتر است، اما کارشناسان معتقدند سرمایهگذاریهای هنگفت چین در اینباره بالأخره دیر یا زود جواب خواهند داد.
برتری در این حوزه متعلق به آمریکاست.
خودروهای خودران
کمپانیهای آمریکایی مانند «ویمو»ی گوگل و «کروزِ» جنرالموتورز در حوزههای سختافزاری (سنسور، دوربین و رادارهای لازم برای تشخیص موانع محیطی) از رقبای چینی خود جلوتر هستند.
همچنین برتری آمریکا در حوزه نیمهرساناها به این کمپانیها امکان ساخت تراشههای قدرتمند به عنوان مغز خودروهای خودران را داده است.
در طرف مقابل، برتری چین در 5G برای آنها امکان برقراری ارتباط بهتر و سریعتر میان خودروهای خودران و اجزای «شبکه ترافیکی» را فراهم کرده است.
اگرچه چین هنوز در این حوزه از آمریکا عقب است، اما پیشبینی میشود بزرگترین بازار خودروی جهان، به لطف کمپانیهایی مانند بَیدو، دیدی چاکسینگ و Pony.ai در بلندمدت از آمریکا سبقت بگیرد.
جمعیت چین نه تنها دادههای بیشتری در اختیار کمپانیهای این کشور قرار میدهند که به رشد سریعتر خودروهای خودران منجر میشود، بلکه چینیها بیشتر از آمریکاییها به استفاده از این خودروهای علاقه نشان دادهاند.
آمریکا در این حوزه پیشتاز است، اما موقتاً.
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Some anabolic steroids are taken orally, others are injected intramuscularly sixty nine and nonetheless others are offered in gels
or lotions which might be utilized to the skin 70.
Many users start with the oral kind after which progress to
injectable forms, for the reason that latter causes
less liver damage 71. However, oral anabolic steroids clear more quickly from the
body, usually making this the preferred route for users involved
with drug testing 72.
Information characterize imply and standard errors at baseline and on-treatment for each testosterone dose group (Adapted from Huang et al., 2014).
Trenbolone Acetate is the original form of Tren and to this
day stays the most popular and abundantly available.
The original “Tren-a” as it’s referred to was offered under the names Finaject and Finajet.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Artistic Commons Attribution License (CC BY).
The use, distribution or copy in other forums is permitted, provided the unique author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is
cited, in accordance with accepted tutorial practice.
No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which
does not adjust to these terms. Steroids are a broad family of molecules
that may cause quite so much of results relying on the type and the place they bind within the body.
For athletes, increasing muscle mass may also promote energy,
which can enhance strength-based sports activities performance.
Anabolic steroids (artificial androgens) work by activating androgen receptors in your physique and mimicking the
consequences of pure androgens. Even although
they’ll nonetheless be prescribed by a medical
doctor in the U.S., the usage of anabolic steroids for injury restoration functions has been a taboo topic, even amongst
the majority of sports medication docs and endocrinologists.
There are many possible side effects of Tren use, and it’s far from the most side effect pleasant anabolic steroid.
Many of the unwanted aspect effects of Tren are just
like different steroids, but Tren additionally carries some possible side
effects that almost all steroids do not. This is not because
Tren is a strange hormone or one thing special that should be feared; bear in mind this is merely an altered
type of Nandrolone and nothing more. However, genetics is the
vital thing issue right here and genetics will play a huge role
relating to this hormone.
The feeling of dissatisfaction persists even though their muscular
tissues are getting greater. Their distorted physique image makes it troublesome for them to perceive their own bodily modifications realistically and likewise
to receive positive feedback from others.
To gauge their progress, they ask chosen people for recommendation, have a glance at
photographs of themselves, use tape measures or strive on clothes.
Even once they carry out well, feelings persist of their results not being adequate, they
usually start to focus on the following set or new goals.
In striving for the proper body, ladies live with physique anxiety,
which means experiencing that their bodies aren’t excellent.
Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of the hormone testosterone
which amongst other things is answerable for muscle growth
– “the anabolic effect”, and the development of male sexual traits – “the androgenic effect”.
Moreover, the influence of anabolic steroids online For sale (https://arenafan.Com) extends to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, a important regulatory system for reproductive hormones.
The administration of exogenous steroids disrupts the traditional feedback loop, resulting in a suppression of the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus.
Consequently, this inhibits the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from
the pituitary gland, disrupting the normal production of testosterone in the testes.
Moreover, the influence of anabolic steroids on the brain extends to the hormonal
axis.
Whereas testosterone happens naturally in the body, steroids are engineered to amplify sure results of testosterone, especially those that promote muscle growth and recovery.
Other adverse effects of anabolic steroid misuse can embrace low sperm counts, extreme pimples, aggression, and different
health points. Some people who use steroids as performance-enhancing medicine may develop substance
use dysfunction, making it exhausting to stop taking
them. When anabolic steroids increase the levels of testosterone in the blood, they stimulate
muscle tissue within the physique to grow bigger and stronger.
However the consequences of an excessive quantity of testosterone circulating in the physique could be harmful
over time. Anabolic steroids are medicine that resemble the
chemical structure of the intercourse hormone testosterone, which
is made naturally by the physique. In abstract, whereas anabolic steroids could appear to be
a quick track to fitness success, they arrive with dangerous repercussions.
Testosterone is additional metabolized by the enzyme 5α-reductase to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which binds with greater affinity to the androgen receptor (AR) or by aromatase to estradiol (E2), which binds
to the estrogen receptor (ER). One Other weaker endogenous androgen, androstenediol, also binds
to estrogen receptors (ER). These can embody heart and
blood vessels complications, liver illness, reproductive
organ harm and extreme mood swings. Not surprisingly, prevalence of steroid use is higher in males than females.
Tren-hex (Parabolan) has also remained out there in underground form but by no means at the fee of its older cousin Tren-a.
Then in the early 2000’s former underground large British Dragon would introduce
Trenbolone Enanthate, a type of Tren that only
needed to be injected twice per week compared to
Tren-a’s essential each other day administration. Most labs additionally now carry ‘Tren-e’
however Tren-a nonetheless remains the dominant form as it’s the easiest to manage.
The informants gave their descriptions primarily based on their lived experiences.
They can provide coping strategies, help you maintain perspective, and offer a safe area to discover
your emotions and motivations. Now, let’s venture into the murky waters the
place steroid use intersects with psychological health disorders.
It’s a complex interplay that may turn an already challenging situation into a psychological
powder keg. It’s a situation where people turn into obsessive about the
concept they’re not muscular enough, regardless of often being extra muscular than average.
Steroid users are notably prone to this warped self-perception. They look
in the mirror and see a scrawny weakling, even as others see a strolling mountain of
muscle.
Steroid tablets may not be suitable in these cases, although your doctor could advocate
them in the occasion that they think the advantages outweigh any
risks. If you’re already taking steroid tablets, ask your doctor or a pharmacist for recommendation before taking any other medicines, cures or supplements.
Your doctor may reduce your dose or counsel taking your tablets much less typically (for example, every different
day) when you’re having unwanted effects. Taking too many steroid tablets
over an extended period could make you more prone to get unwanted side effects.
These components can all affect how steroids are absorbed, distributed, and eradicated
from the body.
Any medical care provider who treats you want to
know that you are utilizing a steroid. Whereas utilizing this medication, you may
want frequent blood exams at your physician’s workplace.
Your doctor could change your dose to ensure you get the most effective results.
Do not take this drugs in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.
You mustn’t use this medicine in case you are allergic to prednisone, or in case you have a fungal an infection that
requires oral antifungal therapy.
When your hormones are all out of whack, your capability to
weigh professionals and cons and make rational selections can go right
out the window. It’s like your brain’s govt operate decided to take an prolonged
trip, leaving your impulses in control of the control panel.
Steroid customers usually discover themselves caught in a whirlwind of mood swings that would make a young person look emotionally stable by comparison.
One minute you’re on prime of the world, feeling invincible and euphoric.
The subsequent, you’re plunging into the depths of despair, questioning your very existence.
Moreover, each testosterone exercise and direct ND motion to AR could
play a role in the genesis of kidney fibrosis after long-term ND publicity [89].
He graduated with a bachelor’s in biology from
the University of Wisconsin and a medical degree from the University of Minnesota Medical College.
Throughout medical college, he completed a graduate certificate in integrative therapies and therapeutic practices via the Earl
E. Bakken Middle for Spirituality & Healing. He is developing a scientific
follow for sufferers with complex trauma, in addition to for
others going by way of vital life transitions.
He is working on a e-book distilling the insights from his sabbatical, educating, and
main retreats on trauma, integrative health, mindfulness, and
well-being for health professionals, students, and the
group. Topical corticosteroids can lead to skinny pores and skin, pores and
skin lesions and zits.
Stay vaccines include measles, mumps, rubella
(MMR), rotavirus, yellow fever, varicella (chickenpox), one kind of the typhoid vaccine and nasal flu (influenza) vaccine.
Some research suggest steroid injections are safe for
pregnant people, however their use should be decided
on a case-by-case foundation. Systemic steroids are an artificial (manufactured)
model of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that performs many essential roles
within the physique. Steroids are available both
topical (applied to the skin) and systemic forms.
You can also make way of life changes to reduce the influence of steroids on a flushed face, corresponding to limiting alcohol use
or avoiding smoking. The risk of certain unwanted effects may be decreased by taking a
steroid each other day rather than daily, even when the entire dose winds up being the identical.
In Accordance to the existing literature, over the last 35 years, more than forty (around 43) instances of iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome have been documented.[23] A majority of them had been in youngsters
and few were in adults. In the children group, most commonly affected age group was infancy
(86%) and the major main dermatosis was diaper dermatitis adopted by psoriasis, burn, non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma and skin dryness.
In adults, psoriasis was most typical indication (71%) followed by intertrigo, eczematous dermatitis, continual pores and skin dryness and lichen planus.
Most generally used steroid in each the groups was Clobetasol
propionate (0.05%) and the other was Betamethasone.
The median duration of application was 2.seventy five months (1-17 months) in youngsters and 18 months (0.3-84 months) in adults.
If you utilize this medication for a really long time, do not all of a sudden stop utilizing it with out checking first along
with your physician. You may must slowly decrease your dose earlier than stopping it completely.
Utilizing this drugs with any of the following medicines is
usually not really helpful, however could additionally be required in some circumstances.
Blood ranges of other reproductive hormones (such as follicle stimulating hormone [FSH], luteinizing hormone [LH]) can be measured.
If the testosterone is very excessive however the FSH and LH levels are
low, this offers evidence that the individual is utilizing anabolic steroids.
In conclusion, Post steroids
can be both a boon and a bane relying on their context of use.
While they play a significant role in managing medical situations and assuaging symptoms,
their misuse for non-medical purposes carries substantial well being dangers.
Training, regulation, and accountable medical supervision are paramount in navigating the complex landscape of steroid use.
While steroids can be beneficial when used appropriately under medical supervision, in addition they come with a variety of unwanted aspect effects.
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Another study in 2017 concluded that 20 minutes of average exercise is enough to provide an anti-inflammatory response.
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References:
types of steroids for muscle building (Jani)